"He then went into the history of China and Korea. Not North Korea, Korea. And you know, you're talking about thousands of years . . . and many wars. And Korea actually used to be a part of China. And after listening for 10 minutes, I realized that it's not so easy."
- President Donald Trump in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, April 12, 2017
This claim was largely buried in news coverage of Trump's wide-ranging interview with the Journal, during which he made numerous flip-flops on several policy areas. But it belatedly went viral in South Korea after a Quartz article Tuesday drew attention to it.
Trump's inartful retelling of Sino-Korean history sparked widespread outrage among Koreans, who are particularly sensitive to the U.S. president's rhetoric amid heightened tensions between North and South Korea. Leaders across the political spectrum criticized Trump's characterization, calling it a clear distortion of history and an attempt to undermine Korean sovereignty.
Trump's phrasing that the Korean Peninsula "actually used to be a part of China" may be his SparkNotes version, not a verbatim account of Xi's history lesson. (The two spoke through interpreters.) The White House did not respond to our request for clarification.
Here's a look at what was misleading about Trump's claim. Perhaps it will help the president avoid future blunders as he wades into northeast-Asian geopolitics. (Full disclosure: This fact-checker was born in Seoul.)
The Facts
Korea has been long intertwined culturally and historically with China but was not under direct and official territorial control by China, despite repeated Chinese invasions.
Xi - and Trump - may have been referring to the tributary system between China and Korea, during which Korea gained protection from China while it was forced to pay "tributes," or gifts. These gifts "signaled a subordinate but still independent position," historian Kyung Moon Hwang wrote in the Korea Times.
The birth of the modern Korean Peninsula can be traced to the mid-seventh century, after the unification of three kingdoms: Goguryeo, Silla and Baekjae. The name "Korea" is derived from "Goguryeo," the original kingdom that is believed to have formed as a political entity as early as the first century B.C. Goguryeo encompassed what is now Manchuria and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
This tributary system began after the three kingdoms united with the help of China, and it lasted, with exception, from roughly the seventh century to the 19th century.
"This worked in preventing the Chinese from taking further military action, but it did not always work in stopping other peoples who wanted to rule China from threatening and invading Korea," wrote Hwang, author of "A History of Korea."
There were two points in history when the Korean Peninsula came close to being absorbed into the Chinese civilization, according to Hwang. One was during the Han dynasty, through a system called "commanderies" of northern parts of the Korean Peninsula under Goguryeo. This was more of a colonial system, but Quartz noted that Chinese researchers "have tried to argue that this places Korea within 'Chinese local history.' "
The other time was in the 13th century during the Goryeo era, under Mongolian rule of both China and Korea. Hwang wrote: "For nearly a century Mongol-controlled China treated Goryeo somewhat like a colony, directly controlling its northern territories and constantly interfering in Goryeo's internal affairs; in fact the Mongol emperor in Beijing even determined Goryeo's monarch, whose ancestry, beginning with his mother, was usually more Mongol than Korean."
Trump's description echoes a Chinese nationalist version and ignores the competing interpretations of the relations among Korea, China and Japan. Tensions between Koreans and Chinese over whether China exerted territorial control over Goguryeo blew over about a decade ago - when a Chinese government-backed group sought to rewrite the history of ancient Chinese influence in northeast Asia, particularly in Korea. Koreans saw this as an effort to recast them as political subjects of China, and South Korea started its own competing government-backed project to research the history of Goguryeo. In the face of growing controversy, China promised South Korea it would not revise its textbooks, according to the Atlantic.
This is not the first time Trump and his administration has ignored nationalist sensitivities in East Asia, particularly regarding South Korea.
In March, when North Korea fired ballistic missiles into the body of water between the Korean Peninsula and Japan, administration officials used the name preferred by the Japanese government ("Sea of Japan") with no acknowledgment of the naming dispute for the body of water or alternative names. In response to a display of North Korean missiles this month, Trump claimed the USS Carl Vinson was headed toward North Korea when the vessel was actually traveling in the opposite direction.
The Washington Post
Thu Apr 20 2017
US President Donald Trump and China's President Xi Jinping shake hands while walking at Mar-a-Lago estate after a bilateral meeting in Palm Beach, Florida, U.S., April 7, 2017. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Pulau Pinang catat peningkatan penumpang lima peratus pada Mac 2024
Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Pulau Pinang (PEN) merekodkan pertambahan pergerakan penumpang sebanyak lima peratus, meningkat kepada 328,000 daripada 313,000 penumpang pada bulan sebelumnya.
[LAPOR LANGSUNG] Nahas helikopter Lumut: Wajah semua mangsa sudah dikeluarkan TLDM
HRPB maklumkan bedah siasat mungkin selesai pada Rabu.
FINAS taja caruman SKSPS bagi 4,500 penggiat seni selama setahun - Fahmi
FINAS akan menaja 4,500 penggiat seni tanah air di bawah SKSPS Perkeso dengan caruman RM23.30 bagi setiap orang, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan tajaan bernilai RM104,850.
Gabungan golf dan bola sepak, footgolf sukan santai dan menyeronokkan
Footgolf menggabungkan dua sukan paling popular di dunia iaitu bola sepak dan golf, dengan kaki berfungsi sebagai kayu golf untuk menendang bola sepak saiz lima ke lubang yang ditetapkan.
Freedom Flotilla to Gaza: Misi sekali lagi ditangguhkan, dijangka berlepas pada Jumaat
Ketika ini lokasi kapal memulakan pelayaran akan ditukarkan ke satu lokasi yang akan diumumkan dalam masa terdekat.
Pihak produksi masih terima Naim Daniel jika ubah fikiran
Ketua saluran Astro Ria, Norzeha Mohd Salleh memberitahu bahawa pihak produksi masih lagi memberi ruang kepada penyanyi tersebut untuk mempertimbangkan semula tawaran yang diberikan.
The Hardest Singing Show cabar kreativiti penyanyi tempatan
Program The Hardest Singing Show mencari satu juara yang mampu menyahut cabaran kreativiti luar limitasi.
Pekerja Ahli Parlimen EU disyaki jadi pengintip China
Polis Jerman telah menahan seorang pekerja ahli politik Parlimen Eropah Alternative for Germany (AfD) kerana disyaki menjadi pengintip China.
Amaran ribut hujan tahap tertinggi dikeluarkan di Guangdong, selatan China
Lebih 100,000 orang sudah dipindahkan akibat hujan lebat dan banjir yang boleh membawa maut di selatan China.
Jokowi dan anaknya bukan lagi ahli PDIP
Presiden Indonesia Joko Widodo atau Jokowi dan anaknya, bakal naib presiden Gibran Rakabuming Raka, bukan lagi ahli parti terbesar negara itu selepas mereka menyokong calon pesaing yang juga pemenang pilihan raya Prabowo Subianto.
Industri hiburan penghubung antara Malaysia dan China - Shila Amzah
Shila Amzah percaya bahawa industri hiburan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dan memainkan peranan penting dalam memupuk hubungan diplomatik Malaysia-China.
TPM mahu lebih ramai anak muda Sabah diberi pendidikan TVET
Beliau ditawarkan oleh China untuk menghantar 2,000 pelajar Malaysia bagi mengikuti program TVET dengan biasiswa penuh ke negara itu.
Perang dicetuskan blok Barat untuk terus kekal berkuasa - Penganalisis
Kemunculan kuasa-kuasa besar baharu seperti China yang mempunyai kekuatan ekonomi sangat tidak dijangka oleh Barat.
Harga minyak diunjur naik akibat konflik Iran-Israel
Harga minyak mentah Brent diunjur melonjak sehingga AS$95 setong berbanding sekitar AS$90 setong ketika ini berdasarkan jangkaan senario terburuk daripada konflik Iran-Israel.
Piala Uber: Tiada istilah mengalah buat Mei Xing
Pemain itu bagaimanapun mengakui sedikit terbeban dengan ketiadaan pasangan utama negara Pearly Tan-M Thinaah dalam kejohanan berkenaan.
MPOC jangka MSM didagangkan pada harga RM4,000-RM4,200 satu tan pada April
MPOC berkata, dinamik pasaran minyak sawit pada Mac dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, termasuk peningkatan dalam pengeluaran minyak sawit.
Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini
Antara pelbagai berita luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
KDNK China meningkat 5.3 peratus pada suku pertama 2024
Ekonomi China berkembang lebih kukuh daripada jangkaan pada awal tahun ini, sebahagian besarnya disebabkan oleh aktiviti kilang yang teguh.
Ketibaan pelancong China ke Malaysia dijangka melebihi paras pra-COVID hujung tahun ini - CPAFFC
Yang berkata, kerjasama sudah terjalin buat sekian lama dan China melihat Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara dan rakan dagang yang penting.
China gesa elak konflik, anggap sudah selesai
China menggesa semua pihak mengelak konflik susulan tindakan serangan Iran ke atas Israel serta menganggap perkara itu sudah selesai.