UBER faces having to withdraw ride hailing services in London, its busiest European market, after local regulator Transport for London pulled the company's license for private hire cabs on Friday, a move Uber said it planned to appeal.
The online ride-hailing pioneer said it still operates in 96 European cities but has largely withdrawn its UberPOP service that relied on drivers without commercial licenses after court rulings against it in many jurisdictions going back years.
Only in two cities across the region - Berlin and Athens - does Uber offer rides with officially licensed taxi drivers which allow passengers to hail UberTaxis as they pass on the street. In other cities, Uber's private hire cabs must be ordered before a journey.
UberPOP remains available in a handful of cities in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Norway, Poland and Switzerland. Uber plans in 2018 to introduce ride-sharing and other services in Finland after the country recently cleared the way for such services.
In most remaining cities, Uber offers a range of private hire services using locally licensed drivers that include its mainstream service UberX, its up-scale UberBlack cars and other niche services including UberVan, UberGreen and UberExec.
The following are key legal challenges Uber has faced in Europe since it began operating in 2012 in London and Paris.
EUROPEAN UNION
A non-binding legal opinion issued in May 2017 by a legal adviser to Europe's top court found Uber to be a transportation service, not just an online app, exposing it to further local regulation across the region.
FRANCE
A French court fined Uber 800,000 euros ($957,000) in June 2016 for running an illegal taxi service with amateur drivers and slapped smaller fines on two executives in the first such criminal case against it in Europe. Uber's licensed private hire services remain popular in Paris.
ITALY
A Rome court banned unlicensed ride-hailing services such as Uber in April this year, but the ban was short-lived after the company appealed to a higher court. Uber does not operate in Milan after a 2015 ruling against UberPOP that the smartphone app represented "unfair competition" to taxis.
DENMARK
Uber said in March it planned to withdraw from Denmark after the country passed a new taxi law that required ride-hailing services to install fare meters and meet other requirements.
HUNGARY
Uber pulled out of Hungary in 2016 after the government passed a law - in response to taxi operator protests - that would have blocked internet access to "illegal dispatcher services" like Uber's ride-hailing app.
GERMANY
A German regional court in Frankfurt in September 2014 ruled Uber drivers must have commercial licenses to operate in Germany, leading the company to pull out of operations in several German cities. It now operates only a limited set of services in Berlin and Munich.
Reuters
Fri Sep 22 2017
Uber plans in 2018 to introduce ride-sharing and other services in Finland after the country recently cleared the way for such services.
Konsert Aina Abdul penanda aras baharu MPO - Konduktor
Kehebatan vokal penyanyi bersuara lunak dan lantang, Aina Abdul dalam menyanyikan lagu berentak genre balada sehingga mampu membuai emosi pendengar, sememangnya tidak dapat disangkalkan lagi.
Israel mungkin akan serang negara lain berdekatan Iran - Pakar
Pandangan dikongsi Prof Dr Salawati Mat Basir, Pakar undang-undang antarabangsa, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
Adakah Freedom Flotilla ke Gaza bakal terjejas?
Perkembangan terbaru ni pastinya memberi impak kepada Misi Freedom Flotilla untuk menyalurkan bantuan kemanusiaan di Gaza.
Rakan setugas, Syaff Shukri bersama jurukamera Ab Uzza Ab Latif sedia berkongsi perkembangan terkini tentang perang terbaharu ini.
Rakan setugas, Syaff Shukri bersama jurukamera Ab Uzza Ab Latif sedia berkongsi perkembangan terkini tentang perang terbaharu ini.
Perkembangan konflik Iran-Israel
Bagi perinciannya kita bersama Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd Yazid Zul Kepli, Pakar Undang-undang Antabangsa, Kulliyyah Undang-undang Ahmad Ibrahim (AIKOL), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM).
Malaysia Airlines sambung semula penerbangan laluan Sabah, Sarawak, Labuan
Malaysia Airlines telah menyambung semula penerbangan ke dan dari Sabah, Sarawak dan Labuan secara berperingkat sejak petang semalam (18 April) susulan keadaan semasa cuaca.
Penerbangan ke Tehran, Isfahan dan Shiraz digantung
Semua penerbangan menuju ke bandar "Tehran, Isfahan dan Shiraz, lapangan terbang Barat, Barat Laut dan Barat Daya di Iran telah digantung.
Perkembangan konflik Iran-Israel
Bagi perinciannya kita bersama Prof Dr Salawati Mat Basir, Pakar undang-undang antarabangsa Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
Menteri luar ASEAN gesa henti segera keganasan di sempadan Myanmar
Menteri luar ASEAN menggesa semua pihak menghentikan segera keganasan dan melaksanakan sekatan sepenuhnya di kawasan sempadan Myanmar.
Kes demam denggi turun, satu lagi kematian dilaporkan
Jumlah kes demam denggi menurun kepada 1,698 kes pada Minggu Epidemiologi ke-15 (ME15) iaitu dari 7 April hingga 13 April lepas berbanding 2,487 kes pada minggu sebelumnya.
Perkembangan konflik Iran-Israel
Bagi perinciannya kita bersama Dr. Noor Nirwandy Mat Noordin, Felo Operasi Psikologi Pusat Pengajian Perang Saraf Media & Informasi Universiti Institut Teknologi Mara (UiTM).
COVID-19: Over 100 individuals in Penang undergo test
Most of them were tested negative for the disease while others are still waiting for the results, Penang Chief Minister said.
Pusat dobi layan diri tidak dibenarkan beroperasi
Turut tidak dibenarkan beroperasi, pasar malam dan pasar tani sepanjang Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan bagi mengelakkan orang ramai berkumpul
Do postponements cause delays in the Courts?
Cases may often be postponed or otherwise delayed for various reasons. The truth of the matter is that these delays may be necessary due to the Rule of law and due process.
Guilty until proven innocent; a devastatingly prevalent myth
While it is natural for us to be presumptuous, to place our version of the truth ahead of the law's is just purely juvenile. Lawyer Alan Razak writes.
"I feel guilty, I want to see Imam," kata lelaki yang tampar Imam
Demikian kata-kata Shabir Ahmad Khan, 31, lelaki warganegara India yang menampar imam Masjid Negara semasa solat Jumaat di masjid itu dua minggu lalu.
Mahkamah benarkan wanita batal saman bekas kekasih Bosnia
Hakim Timothy Finlayson Joel dalam keputusannya turut menolak tuntutan balas oleh Chung Shun Yee, 29, terhadap Ervin Ahbabovic, 41.