Scientists are providing a fuller understanding of the essential role that sleep plays in brain health, identifying an abrupt transition at about 2.4 years of age when its primary purpose shifts from brain building to maintenance and repair.
Researchers on Friday said they conducted a statistical analysis on data from more than 60 sleep studies. They looked at sleep time, duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, brain size and body size, and devised a mathematical model for how sleep changes during development.
There are basically two types of sleep, each tied to specific brain waves and neuronal activity. REM, with the eyes moving quickly from side to side behind closed eyelids, is deep sleep with vivid dreams. Non-REM sleep is largely dreamless.
During REM sleep, the brain forms new neural connections by building and strengthening synapses - the junctions between nerve cells, or neurons - that enable them to communicate, reinforcing learning and consolidating memories. During sleep, the brain also repairs the modicum of daily neurological damage it typically experiences to genes and proteins within neurons as well as clearing out byproducts that build up.
At about 2.4 years of age, the findings showed, sleep's primary function changed from building and cutting connections during REM sleep to neural repair during both REM and non-REM sleep.
"It was shocking to us that this transition was like a switch and so sharp," said Van Savage, a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and of computational medicine who is a senior author of the research published in the journal Science Advances.
REM sleep declines with age. Newborns, who can sleep about 16 hours daily, spend about 50% of their sleeping time in REM, but there is a pronounced drop-off at around 2.4 years. It drops to about 25% by age 10 and to about 10% to 15% around age 50.
"Sleep is required across the animal kingdom and is nearly as ubiquitous as eating and breathing," Van Savage said. "I'd say it is a pillar of human health."
Reuters
Sat Sep 19 2020
Two-year-old Bianca Toniolo sleeps surrounded by her toy dolls at home in San Fiorano in this picture taken by her father, school teacher Marzio Toniolo, April 8, 2020. via REUTERS file pic
Perasuah semakin licik, perlu sokongan semua pihak terutama media - Azam Baki
Rasuah merupakan jenayah yang unik sifatnya pada masa kini dan Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) memerlukan sokongan daripada semua pihak khususnya media untuk membanterasnya.
KJ tak terfikir untuk kembali ke FAM
Khairy berkata terdapat calon-calon lain yang lebih layak untuk menerajui badan induk itu berbanding beliau.
Dakwa kerajaan ambil tindakan terhadap kritikan, Syed Saddiq diminta tidak hipokrit - Fahmi
Fahmi berkata kerajaan tidak menghalang rakyat untuk mengkritik, khususnya melibatkan dasar yang dilaksanakan kerajaan.
Dua anak Tun M sekali lagi diberi tempoh lanjutan 30 hari bagi isytihar harta
Maklumat harta serta aset Mirzan dan Tan Sri Mokhzani sejak empat dekad lalu perlu dikemukakan dalam tempoh 30 hari kepada SPRM.
AWANI Ringkas: Kes saman fitnah
Ikuti rangkuman berita utama yang menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari di Astro AWANI menerusi AWANI Ringkas.
AWANI Ringkas: PRK Kuala Kubu Baharu
Ikuti rangkuman berita utama yang menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari di Astro AWANI menerusi AWANI Ringkas.
Thomas Cup: Zii Jia ketepikan 'kegoyahan' kem perseorangan lelaki negara
Lee Zii Jia tidak mahu terlalu memikirkan situasi kem perseorangan negara yang kurang mantap menjelang aksi pembukaan Kumpulan D saingan Piala Thomas 2024 berdepan Hong Kong, esok.
AirAsia Group bakal disenaraikan di Bursa Malaysia pada September - Tony Fernandes
AirAsia Group Sdn Bhd (AAG) bakal disenaraikan di Bursa Malaysia pada September, mengambil alih status penyenaraian AirAsia X Bhd, kata Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Capital A Bhd Tan Sri Tony Fernandes.
Sebutan rayuan pendakwaan terhadap Bung Moktar, isteri ditetapkan 29 Julai
Timbalan pendaftar Mahkamah Rayuan Muhammad Noor Firdaus Rosli menetapkan tarikh itu semasa pengurusan kes hari ini dan beliau turut menetapkan pengurusan kes akhir pada 15 Julai.
AWANI 7:45 [26/04/2024] - Wajar tidak dijemput | UM jemput pensyarah Pro-Israel | Rumah terbuka di Kuala Kubu Bharu | Penamaan calon pada Sabtu
#AWANI745 malam ini bersama Irfan Faruqi;
1. PM sindir pensyarah Amerika jemputan UM berkualiti rendah
2. Mahasiswa boikot kuliah, jika VC UM membisu
3. Bersih dakwa Rumah Terbuka Aidilfitri Selangor bercanggah Akta Kesalahan Pilihan Raya
4. SPR selesai persiapan proses penamaan calon PRK DUN Kuala Kubu Baharu
1. PM sindir pensyarah Amerika jemputan UM berkualiti rendah
2. Mahasiswa boikot kuliah, jika VC UM membisu
3. Bersih dakwa Rumah Terbuka Aidilfitri Selangor bercanggah Akta Kesalahan Pilihan Raya
4. SPR selesai persiapan proses penamaan calon PRK DUN Kuala Kubu Baharu